Renewable
energy is defined as energy obtained from renewable sources. There are a
variety of renewable energy sources available. Sunlight, wind, rain, tides,
waves, biomass, geothermal heat, and so on are examples. These resources are
refreshed on a regular basis and never run out.
Three
primary technical advances are often included in Sustainable Energy Development
Strategies: energy savings on the demand side, efficiency gains in energy
production, and the substitution of fossil fuels with alternative renewable
energy sources. As a result, strategies for integrating renewable sources into
coherent energy systems influenced by energy savings and efficiency measures
must be included in large-scale renewable energy implementation plans.
First and
foremost, increasing the amount of renewable energy in the supply chain is a
huge task. Renewable energy is seen as a valuable resource in many nations
throughout the world, however as shown in, renewable energy accounts for less
than 15% of worldwide primary energy supply, with hydropower and wood fuels
accounting for the majority of renewable energy in poor countries. Renewable
energy sources like wind and solar account for a very tiny portion of overall
supply. However, there is a lot of promise. In certain places and nations, the
percentage of renewable energy is much higher. The need for energy has risen dramatically in recent
decades. There are two primary hurdles to renewable energy policies for
long-term growth. The integration of a large percentage of intermittent
resources into the energy system, particularly the power supply, is one
problem. The other option is to incorporate transportation into the strategy.
Based on the instance, explains the issues and proposes possible solutions to
these problems.
Since the first oil crisis in 1973, energy savings and efficiency improvements have been a key aspect of the country's energy policy. As a result, despite a 70% rise in GDP, it has been able to maintain the same primary fuel consumption for more than 30 years through energy saving and the growth of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and district heating. Furthermore, renewable energy has replaced 14 percent of fossil fuels. Transportation and power use, as well as the heated room area, have all grown significantly during the same time period. It is possible toapply sustainable development plans that combine savings, efficiency improvements, and renewable energy sources. The Energy Agency analyzed the potential of renewable energy sources in 1996 as part of the data that forms the foundation of the energy strategy. Some potential appears to be overlooked. Offshore wind potential, which is highly dependent on technology advancement, is now greater and will continue to rise in the future as the size of wind turbines increases.
Traditionally,
fossil fuels have been used to provide energy. It has relatively limited
hydropower potential, and during the 1960s and 1970s, massive steam turbines
near major towns dominated the electrical supply. However, during the first oil
crisis, it rose to the top of the list in terms of CHP, energy saving, and
renewable energy. As a result, the energy system has transformed from a
position in 1972, when oil accounted for 92 percent of a total of 833 PJ, to
today, when oil accounts for just 41 percent of 828 PJ. Transportation and
power use, as well as the heated room area, have all grown significantly during
the same time period. The percentage of power produced by CHP has increased in
recent years. The
combination of energy production from CHP and wind power is another issue.
Until recently, CHP facilities were not run to balance variations in wind
power, resulting in difficulties with excess energy output during periods of
strong winds.
The Energy
Agency established an expert panel in 2001 to look into the problem of surplus
electricity generation caused by the high percentage of wind and CHP in the
energy system. Aalborg University conducted a series of long-term energy system
studies evaluating investments in more flexible energy systems for the year
2020 as part of the project. The EnergyPLAN energy system analysis computer
model was used to conduct these assessments.
The analysis' goal is to see if a 100 percent renewable energy system is feasible, as well as to identify essential technology upgrades and implementation solutions.The EnergyPLAN energy system analysis model was used to compute all changes. As a result, each system's energy balance has been computed for each hour of the year, taking into consideration the intermittent nature of RES, capacity restrictions of flexible technologies, and ancillary service needs.TheEnergyPLAN model has been utilized in a number of other large-scale renewable energy integration assessments. The basic premise that sustainable development entails three main technological breakthroughs, namely energy savings on the demand side, is the beginning point for the study.
Improvements
in energy efficiency, as well as the substitution of renewable energy sources
for fossil fuels. As a result, the three technical developments listed below
have been chosen for investigation.
Savings: A
10% reduction in the need for energy, district heating, and domestic and
industrial heating.
Efficiency:
A mix of increased CHP and improved efficiencies. CHP plants with better
efficiencies have 50 percent electric production and 40 percent heat output.
This can be accomplished in part by using fuel-cell technology, or in part by
improving current steam-turbine/engine technologies. More CHP is defined as a
conversion of 50% of individual dwelling and industry fuels into CHP, aided in
part by district heating. It's worth noting that such technical advancements are minor in
comparison to their full potential. As a result, it is both conceivable and
reasonable to save more than 10% while also replacing more than 50% of energy
with CHP, etc.
Flexible
technologies: As savings, efficiency, and renewable energy become more
essential, the problem of integration, as well as the issue of transportation,
becomes more critical. According to a scenario outlined by Ris National
Laboratory, oil for transportation is substituted by electric-city use.
Vehicles that weigh less than 2 tons are converted into a hybrid of battery and
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. 20.8 TWh of oil is replaced by 7.3 TWh of
electricity in this scenario. The same ratio was used to convert the reference
scenario's total oil consumption of 50.7 TWh into 17.8 TWh of electricity
usage. Within a week, the electricity demand was made flexible, with a maximum
capacity of 3500 MW.
Three primary technical advancements are often included in Sustainable Energy Development Strategies: energy savings on the demand side, energy efficiencygains in the production side, and the replacement of fossil fuels with diverse renewable energy sources. As a result, strategies for integrating renewable sources into coherent energy systems influenced by energy savings and efficiency measures must be included in large-scale renewable energy implementation plans.
When a
significant proportion of intermittent resources are combined with CHP and
savings, however, developing sustainable energy strategies becomes a question
of introducing and expanding flexible energy technologies as well as
constructing integrated energy system solutions. To promote additional
sustainable growth, such technological advancements are essential. The EnergyPLAN energy system analysis
model was used to compute all of the adjustments. The energy balance of each
system was computed for each hour of the year, taking into consideration the
intermittent nature of RES, flexible technology capacity restrictions, and
ancillary service needs.The following system flexibility enhancements have been
identified as critical to converting the energy system to a 100 percent
renewable system.First, alternative forms of transportation must be substituted
for oil. Given the scarcity of biomass in Denmark, alternatives based on
electricity have emerged as critical technology. Furthermore, such technologies improve the possibility
of incorporating wind power into auxiliary services such as voltage and
frequency maintenance in the electrical supply.
The inclusion of small CHP plants in the legislation, as well as the addition of heat pumps to the system, is the next major point. Such technologies are particularly important since they allow for a change in the ratio of electricity to heat demand while still retaining CHP's excellent fuel efficiency.The third crucial element is to incorporate electrolysers into the system while also allowing for the addition of wind turbines to the voltage and frequency control of the power supply. The estimates reveal that by combining 180 TJ/yr of biomass with 5000 MW photovoltaics and between 15 and 27 GW of wind power, the Danish energy system may be changed to a 100 percent renewable energy system. In the reference, 27 GW of wind power is required, but with cost reductions and efficiency gains, the required capacity is lowered to roughly 15 GW.By adding 500 MW/yr, 15 GW of wind power may be achieved. Currently, Danish manufacturers produce over 3000 MW of wind energy each year.
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